Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 7 de 7
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 80(4): 443-450, oct.-dic 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142056

RESUMO

Introducción. Estudios previos evidencian problemas de salud mental en estudiantes de pre-grado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). Objetivo. Evaluar si existen diferencias entre la frecuencia de problemas de salud mental entre los estudiantes de primer año, y el resto de años de estudio, en alumnos de las cinco escuelas profesionales de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNMSM. Métodos. Estudio transversal. Se utilizaron instrumentos validados para evaluar problemas de salud mental: intento suicida, pensamiento homicida, conducta disocial, problemas con el alcohol, depresión y angustia. Adicionalmente, se midieron niveles de resiliencia. Se incluyeron estudiantes de todas las escuelas profesionales de la Facultad de Medicina, en dos grupos de análisis: estudiantes de primer año y estudiantes de los otros años. Resultados. Se evidenció que en alumnos de primer año se encontró un 7,5% de intento suicida, 18,9% de conducta disocial y 21,9% de pensamiento homicida de prevalencia de vida. Asimismo, se encontró un 4,8% de problemas con el alcohol, 8,5% de depresión y 3,2% de angustia de prevalencia periódica. La frecuencia de problemas de salud mental fue mayor según transcurrieron los años de estudio, aunque con diferencias estadísticamente significativas sólo en depresión, angustia y problemas con el alcohol. El 29,3% de encuestados tuvo bajo nivel de resiliencia. Conclusión. Se encontraron frecuencias preocupantes de problemas de salud mental en los estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNMSM, aunque un porcentaje de alumnos ya ingresa a la universidad afectado por ellos. El entorno universitario sería factor agravante en depresión, ansiedad y problemas con el alcohol.


Introduction. Previous studies pointed out mental health problems in undergraduate health students of school of medicine from Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). Objective. To assess if there are differences between the frequency of mental health problems between first-year students and other years’ students from five professional schools of the UNMSM school of medicine. Methods. A cross-sectional study. Validated instruments were used to assess mental health problems: suicidal intent, homicidal thinking, disocial behavior, alcoholism, depression and anguish. In addition, levels of resilience were evaluated. Students from all professional schools of the Faculty of Medicine were included in two analysis groups: first-year students and other years’ students. Results. 7,5% of suicide attempts, 18,9% of disocial behavior and 21,9% of homicidal thinking lifetime prevalence were found in first-year students. Similarly, 4,8% of alcoholism, 8,5% of depression and 3,2% of anxiety point prevalence were found on same group of study. The frequency of mental health problems was higher according to the years of study, with statistically significant differences only in depression, anxiety and alcoholism. 29,3% of respondents have a low level of resilience Conclusion. Concerning frequencies of mental health problems were found in undergraduate students of UNMSM School of Medicine, although a percentage of students were admitted in university with mental health problems. The university environment would be an aggravating factor in depression, anxiety and alcohol problems.

2.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 80(1): 28-33, ene.-mar. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011067

RESUMO

Introducción. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha señalado el incremento de riesgo suicida en personas de 15 a 44 años, grupo etario en el que se ubican los estudiantes universitarios. Objetivo. Determinar prevalencias de conducta suicida y variables asociadas en estudiantes de pregrado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima-Perú. Métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal. La población objetivo fue de 24 118 estudiantes matriculados en 2015. Se aplicaron los instrumentos de conducta suicida de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental en el Perú 2002 y 2012, las escalas de ansiedad y depresión de Zung y el cuestionario CAGE para problemas de alcohol, a una muestra de 1819 estudiantes obtenida mediante muestreo bietápico. Se estimaron prevalencias y se empleó regresión logística para determinar factores asociados. Resultados. Las prevalencias de vida, último año, últimos seis meses y último mes de los componentes de la conducta suicida fueron: deseos de morir (35%; 13,9%; 11% y 5,6%); ideación suicida (22,4%; 8,2%; 6% y 3,3%); plan suicida (17,7%; 4,4%; 3,5% y 1,6%); e intento suicida (11,1%; 3,7%; 2,8% y 1,4%). Los factores de riesgo en términos de odds ratio (OR) ajustados y sus IC 95% fueron: condición de mujer 1,48 (IC 95%: 1,03-2,12), depresión 2,46 (IC 95%: 1,49-4,06), angustia 2,5 (IC 95%: 1,38-4,6), y vivir en hogar no nuclear 2,51 (IC 95%: 1,70-3,72). De los estudiantes que intentaron suicidarse sólo 16% buscó ayuda profesional y 21% pensó repetir el intento. Conclusiones. Los estudiantes de la UNMSM tienen mayor riesgo de conducta suicida que los de la población en general, tanto por razones científicas como por responsabilidad moral se recomienda implementar estrategias de intervención para revertir esta tendencia y proteger a este valioso recurso humano.


Introduction. World Health Organization has pointed out the increasing suicidal risk in the 115 - 44 years of age. University students are inmerse in that age group risk. Objective. To estimate the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated variables in undergraduate students of Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM). Methodos. Transversal and analytic study. Target population: 24 118 students registered in 2015. The Suicide Behavior Questionnaire of the 2002, 2012 Mental Health National Survey, the Zung self-rated anxiety and depression scales, and the CAGE questionnaire for potential alcohol-related problems were applied to a sample of 1819 students obtained by a bietapic with probabililty proportional to size sampling procedure. Results. Life, last year, last 6 months, and last month prevalences of suicide behavior`s components of were, in that order: (i) death wish (35%; 13,9%; 11%; 5,6%); (ii) suicidal ideation (22,4%; 8,2%; 6%;3,3%); (iii) suicidal planning (17,7%; 4,4%; 3,5%; 1,6%); and (iv) suicidal attempt (11,1%; 3,7%; 2,8%; 1,4%), and higher than the prevalences of metropolitan Lima general population. Risk factors, in terms of OR and 95% CI were: being female 1,48 (1,03-2,12), depression 2,46 (1,49-4,06), anxiety 2,5 (1,38-4,6), and living in a non nuclear home 2,51 (1,70-3,72). Only 16% of the students who attempted suicide sought professional help and 21% considered repeating the attempt. Conclusions. UNMSM undergraduate students show a riskier suicide behavior tan the general population. Both for scientific reasons and moral responsibility it is highly recommended to implement intervention strategies in order to revert this trend and protect this valuable human resource.

3.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 79(3): 238-243, jul.-set. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011042

RESUMO

Investigaciones previas sobre conducta suicida realizadas en estudiantes de medicina hallaron, como variable asociada, una alta prevalencia de vida (PV) de indicadores de conducta disocial. Tal resultado obliga a sospechar presencia de personalidad de este tipo en dicha población. Con el objetivo de aportar nuevos elementos que complementen los estudios previos, el presente artículo analiza el concepto de personalidad disocial y discute los resultados de un estudio piloto que evaluó su presencia en una muestra de alumnos recién ingresados a la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se encontró que de 175 estudiantes, 33 resultaron positivos a indicadores de conducta disocial (19% de PV) durante una primera evaluación; de este grupo, 30 se presentaron a una segunda evaluación diagnóstica, de los cuales cinco superaron el punto de corte para personalidad disocial, y 11 obtuvieron puntaje de sospecha de tal desarrollo. Sobre estos resultados sugerimos que la universidad debiera aceptar la responsabilidad de continuar investigando esta área, crear intervenciones preventivo-terapéuticas tempranas e innovaciones curriculares para reducir el riesgo de producir profesionales tecnicamente bien entrenados pero con minusvalías morales.


Previous studies on medical students´suicidal behavior found, as an associated variable, a high life-prevalence (LP) of dissocial behavior indicators. Such findings compel to suspect the presence of dissocial personality in that population. On the purpose to add knowledge to this problem, the present paper analyses the concept of dissocial personality and discusses the results of a pilot-study that evaluated its presence in recently admitted students to San Marcos University´s School of Medicine. In the first evaluation, it was found that 33 out of 175 students resulted positive to dissocial behavior indicators (LP: 19%). From this group, 30 showed up for a second diagnostic evaluation; 5 exceeded the cut-off point to dissocial personality and 11 showed scores very close to it, raising suspiciousness of such development. Upon these results we claim the university must accept the responsibility to continue researching this area, create early preventive-therapeutic interventions and curricula innovations to reduce the risk of generating well trained professionals but morally handicapped.

4.
Rev. Esp. Cir. Ortop. Traumatol. (Ed. Impr.) ; 61(5): 343-348, sept.-oct. 2017. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166054

RESUMO

Se realiza un estudio radiográfico para investigar la relación entre el alineamiento sagital de la anatomía sacra proximal (ASP) y la espondilolistesis, ya sea lítica ístmica o degenerativa. Por otra parte, se estudia si en el caso de la espondilolistesis ístmica lítica de L5 existe relación entre el grado de la listesis y dicha ASP. Se revisaron las imágenes laterales del sacro (radiografías de columna lumbar en bipedestación generalmente) de 173 pacientes, de los cuales 90 tenían una espondilolistesis degenerativa L4 y 83 una espondilolistesis ístmica lítica de L5 (67 de bajo grado y 16 de alto grado) y se compararon con un grupo control de 100 pacientes ajustado por edad y género, sin ningún tipo de espondilolistesis. Se definió el grado listesis según la clasificación de Meyerding y el ángulo de ASP, medido según el método de Harrison, mediante el ángulo entre las líneas tangentes a los muros posteriores de S1 y S2. En nuestra muestra existe una cifosis sacra proximal en ambos tipos de espondilolistesis, siendo mayor en la ístmica lítica, especialmente en las de alto grado. Por el contrario, el grupo control presentaba una lordosis sacra proximal. Las diferencias en la ASP fueron estadísticamente significativas entre controles y espondilolistesis, tanto ístmica lítica L5 como degenerativa L4, así como entre ambos tipos de espondilolistesis y, entre las ístmicas líticas, las de alto y bajo grado. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que en los pacientes de nuestro estudio la cifosis sacra proximal está relacionada con espondilolistesis degenerativa y la ístmica lítica, sin poder discernir claramente si es una causa o una consecuencia de la misma (AU)


A radiographic study was carried out to investigate the relationship between proximal sacral sagittal anatomy (either kyphosis or lordosis) and either isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis. In addition, we studied whether there is a relationship between proximal sacral kyphosis and the degree of such listhesis in the case of L5 isthmic spondylolisthesis. Lateral standing x-rays were used from 173 patients, ninety of whom had degenerative spondylolisthesis L4-L5, and eighty-three an isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5 (67 low-grade and 16 high-grade) and compared with a control group of 100 patients adjusted by age and gender, without any type of spondylolisthesis. Listhesis was graded using Meyerding's classification and the proximal sacral kyphosis angle (CSP) was measured between S1 and S2 posterior walls, according to Harrison's method. In our series, there was a proximal sacral kyphosis in both types of spondylolisthesis, greater in the lytic type. By contrast, the control group had a proximal sacral lordosis. The differences were statistically significant. Therefore, we concluded that there was a proximal sacral kyphosis in patients with both degenerative and isthmic lytic spondylolisthesis, but with our results, we were not able to ascertain whether it is a cause or a consequence of this listhesis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Espondilolistese/etiologia , Espondilolistese/patologia , Espondilolistese , Cifose , Sacro/anormalidades , Sacro , Coluna Vertebral/anormalidades , Coluna Vertebral , Análise de Variância , Intervalos de Confiança
5.
Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol ; 61(5): 343-348, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28755923

RESUMO

A radiographic study was carried out to investigate the relationship between proximal sacral sagittal anatomy (either kyphosis or lordosis) and either isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis. In addition, we studied whether there is a relationship between proximal sacral kyphosis and the degree of such listhesis in the case of L5 isthmic spondylolisthesis. Lateral standing x-rays were used from 173 patients, ninety of whom had degenerative spondylolisthesis L4-L5, and eighty-three an isthmic spondylolisthesis of L5 (67 low-grade and 16 high-grade) and compared with a control group of 100 patients adjusted by age and gender, without any type of spondylolisthesis. Listhesis was graded using Meyerding's classification and the proximal sacral kyphosis angle (CSP) was measured between S1 and S2 posterior walls, according to Harrison's method. In our series, there was a proximal sacral kyphosis in both types of spondylolisthesis, greater in the lytic type. By contrast, the control group had a proximal sacral lordosis. The differences were statistically significant. Therefore, we concluded that there was a proximal sacral kyphosis in patients with both degenerative and isthmic lytic spondylolisthesis, but with our results, we were not able to ascertain whether it is a cause or a consequence of this listhesis.


Assuntos
Cifose/etiologia , Lordose/etiologia , Vértebras Lombares , Sacro/patologia , Espondilolistese/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Cifose/diagnóstico por imagem , Lordose/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia , Sacro/diagnóstico por imagem , Espondilolistese/diagnóstico por imagem , Espondilolistese/patologia , Adulto Jovem
6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 28(4): 581-588, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-611686

RESUMO

Objetivos. Determinar los niveles de estrés general y laboral, depresión y ansiedad en magistrados (jueces y fiscales) del Distrito Judicial de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal y descriptivo. De una población de 1137 magistrados del Poder Judicial y del Ministerio Público del Distrito Jurisdiccional de Lima se tomó una muestra aleatoria estratificada donde cada institución constituyó un estrato. La muestra estuvo conformada por 287 magistrados: 138 fiscales y 149 jueces. Se aplicó un cuestionario compuesto por cuatro instrumentos para determinar los niveles de estrés general y laboral, ansiedad y depresión, previo consentimiento informado. Resultados. El estrés general estuvo presente en el 18,5 por ciento de los magistrados, el estrés laboral en 33,7 por ciento, ansiedad en 12,5 por ciento y depresión en 15,0 por ciento. Estas tres condiciones estuvieron presentes en el 6,6 por ciento de los magistrados, y al menos una estuvo presente en el 25,9 por ciento. El estrés general estaba asociado con la depresión (OR: 4,9; IC95 por ciento 1,6-15,1) y ansiedad (OR: 8,5; IC95 por ciento 2,5-28,6) en el modelo de regresión logística. Conclusiones. Un porcentaje significativo de magistrados del Distrito Judicial de Lima presentan altos niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión; un cuarto de los encuestados presentan, al menos, una de estas condiciones. Se recomienda que los programas de intervención y prevención se dirijan al manejo del estrés, ansiedad y depresión en conjunto, dada su alta asociación.


Objective. To measure the general and work related stress, depression and anxiety in Magistrates (Judges and District Attorneys) of Lima Judicial District. Material and methods. We carried out a transversal and descriptive study. A population of 1137 magistrates from the Lima Jurisdictional District of the Judicial System, was randomly sampled by a strata representing every agency of the Judicial System. The final sample included 287 magistrates: 138 District Attorneys and 149 Judges. After informed consent, a questionnaire composed by four previously validated instruments was applied to measure general and work related stress, anxiety and depression. Results. General stress was present in 18.5 percent of the participants; work related stress 33.7 percent; anxiety 12.5 percent, and depression 15 percent. All three conditions were present in 6.6 percent of the participants and at least one in 25.9 percent. General stress was associated to depression (OR: 4.9; IC95 percent 1.6-15.1) and anxiety (OR: 8.5; IC95 percent 2.5-28.6) by logistic regression. Conclusion. Lima Judicial District’s Magistrates present a triad composed by high levels of labor stress, anxiety and depression. A quarter of the participants present at least one of those conditions. In that perspective, it is recommended that intervention and preventive programs address stress, anxiety and depression simultaneously, given their strong association.


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Peru/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana
7.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 28(4): 581-8, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22241252

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To measure the general and work related stress, depression and anxiety in Magistrates (Judges and District Attorneys) of Lima Judicial District. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a transversal and descriptive study. A population of 1137 magistrates from the Lima Jurisdictional District of the Judicial System, was randomly sampled by a strata representing every agency of the Judicial System. The final sample included 287 magistrates: 138 District Attorneys and 149 Judges. After informed consent, a questionnaire composed by four previously validated instruments was applied to measure general and work related stress, anxiety and depression. RESULTS: General stress was present in 18.5 % of the participants; work related stress 33.7 %; anxiety 12.5 %, and depression 15 %. All three conditions were present in 6.6 % of the participants and at least one in 25.9 %. General stress was associated to depression (OR: 4.9; IC95 % 1.6-15.1) and anxiety (OR: 8.5; IC95 % 2.5-28.6) by logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Lima Judicial District's Magistrates present a triad composed by high levels of labor stress, anxiety and depression. A quarter of the participants present at least one of those conditions. In that perspective, it is recommended that intervention and preventive programs address stress, anxiety and depression simultaneously, given their strong association.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...